Effect of ethanol extract of boiled breadfruit (Treculia Africana) seed on the oral glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and body weight of normoglycemic albino rats

The effect of ethanol extracts of boiled Treculia africana seed on the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), lipid profile, and body weight of normoglycemic albino rats was determined. Fifteen male albino rats were used and were divided into three groups of five rats each. Groups 1 and 2 received 100 and 200mg/kg of the extract, while group 3 (control group) received 1ml/kg of normal saline. The experiment lasted for 28days. The body weights of the rats were determined daily. OGTT was determined at week zero (before extract administration) and at weeks 2 and 4, respectively, following extract administration. Glycemic index (GI) of the extracts was calculated from the incremental area under the OGTT curve. The total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels in the sera of the rats were determined using standard techniques. Atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) of the rats were expressed as ratios of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, respectively. Following 2weeks of the extract administration, the blood glucose for groups 1 and 2 rats declined to values 100mg/dl after oral glucose loading. GI for the standard rat feeds and the extracts at 100 and 200mg/kg by the second week of experimentation were 100, 114, and 96.09, respectively. GI for the extract at 100mg/kg decreased to 103.63 at the 4th week, while that for the extract at 200mg/kg increased to 98.07. The extract at 100mg/kg increased the LDL cholesterol, AI, and CRI of the rats, suggesting that consumption of boiled African breadfruit may expose an individual to the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases. Finally, the study suggested that consumption of T.africana seed by a nondiabetic subject may have no effect on the glucose tolerance of the individual, while it will negatively impact on the glycemic status of a diabetic subject.