Drug Interaction Ontology (DIO) for inferences of possible drug-drug interactions

Drug Interaction Ontology (DIO) was developed for formal representation of pharmacological knowledge. It provides a fundamental framework for accumulation of reusable knowledge components in molecular pharmacology. Ontology was employed and implemented as a relational model. Some features include: 1) Drug-biomolecule interaction was assumed as a primitive knowledge element. 2) Symbolic representation was developed for drug-biomolecule interaction. Consequences of two conjugated units of interaction were defined by using symbols. These are applied for query development for identification of possible drug-drug interaction. 3) The triadic relationship model was developed as a ground model for biological interactions and/or function, including semantic ones. One application of DIO is to support hypothesis generation of drug interaction by providing new hypotheses from a structured database storing literature information on known drug-biomolecule interactions. A knowledge base using DIO that contains information beginning with anti-cancer drugs is under development. Detection of possible drug interaction was tested and its capacity to lead clinically known ones was confirmed. The system generated theoretically possible drug-drug interactions, which implies potential usefulness of new drugs to be tested before actual clinical application. In this paper, sorivudine and 5-fluorouracil mediated by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase are presented.