Description and predictors of direct and indirect costs of pain reported by cancer patients

被引:101
作者
Fortner, BV
Demarco, G
Irving, G
Ashley, J
Keppler, G
Chavez, J
Munk, J
机构
[1] W Canc Clin, Memphis, TN 38120 USA
[2] Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
[3] Swedish Med Ctr, Swedish Pain Management Ctr, Seattle, WA USA
[4] Rocky Mt Canc Ctr, Denver, CO USA
[5] Ctr Oncol, Orange, CA USA
关键词
pain; neoplasm; cancer; costs; pain-related costs; direct costs; indirect costs;
D O I
10.1016/S0885-3924(02)00597-3
中图分类号
R19 [保健组织与事业(卫生事业管理)];
学科分类号
摘要
The purpose of this study was to describe direct and indirect costs associated with pain in cancer patients and to examine potential predictors of these costs. The study surveyed cancer outpatients about direct costs resulting from pain-related hospitalizations, emergency department visits, physician office visits, and use of analgesic medications and indirect costs related to money spent on pain-related transportation, complementary methods to improve pain management, educational materials, over-the counter medication, domestic support, and childcare. Furthermore, the study examined age, marital status, race, income level, pain severity, pain interference, and presence of breakthrough pain as predictors of direct and indirect costs. Three hundred and seventy-three cancer outpatients were sampled. One hundred and forty-four cancer patients (39%) reported experiencing cancer-related pain and completed the study questionnaires. Seventy-six percent (76%) of the patients had experienced at least one pain-related cost, resulting in an average monthly direct cost of US$ 891/month per patient. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of patients had experienced some type of direct medical cost due to pain, resulting in an average total direct pain-related cost of US$ 825/month per patient. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients reported incurring at least one indirect pain related expense for an average indirect cost of US$ 61/month per patient. Higher pain intensity, greater pain interference, and presence of breakthrough pain predicted higher direct and indirect medical expenses. Younger age and lower income level also predicted higher direct medical expenses. (C) 2003 US. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:9 / 18
页数:10
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