Fluctuating, warm temperatures decrease the effect of a key floral repressor on flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

被引:30
作者
Burghardt, Liana T. [1 ,2 ,7 ]
Runcie, Daniel E. [3 ]
Wilczek, Amity M. [1 ,4 ]
Cooper, Martha D. [1 ]
Roe, Judith L. [5 ]
Welch, Stephen M. [6 ]
Schmitt, Johanna [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[2] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[3] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA
[4] Deep Springs Coll, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA
[5] Univ Maine, Dept Biol, Presque Isle, ME 04769 USA
[6] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
[7] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
Arabidopsis thaliana; FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC); flowering time; fluctuating temperature; FRIGIDA; life history; phenotypic plasticity; shade avoidance; NATURAL VARIATION; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; RESPONSES; VERNALIZATION; FRIGIDA; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY; GROWTH; MODEL;
D O I
10.1111/nph.13799
中图分类号
Q94 [植物学];
学科分类号
071001 ;
摘要
The genetic basis of growth and development is often studied in constant laboratory environments; however, the environmental conditions that organisms experience in nature are often much more dynamic. We examined how daily temperature fluctuations, average temperature, day length and vernalization influence the flowering time of 59 genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana with allelic perturbations known to affect flowering time. For a subset of genotypes, we also assessed treatment effects on morphology and growth. We identified 17 genotypes, many of which have high levels of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), that bolted dramatically earlier in fluctuating - as opposed to constant - warm temperatures (mean=22 degrees C). This acceleration was not caused by transient VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-mediated vernalization, differential growth rates or exposure to high temperatures, and was not apparent when the average temperature was cool (mean=12 degrees C). Further, in constant temperatures, contrary to physiological expectations, these genotypes flowered more rapidly in cool than in warm environments. Fluctuating temperatures often reversed these responses, restoring faster bolting in warm conditions. Independently of bolting time, warm fluctuating temperature profiles also caused morphological changes associated with shade avoidance or high-temperature' phenotypes. Our results suggest that previous studies have overestimated the effect of the floral repressor FLC on flowering time by using constant temperature laboratory conditions.
引用
收藏
页码:564 / 576
页数:13
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