Emissions of hydrogen cyanide from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles

被引：46

作者：

Moussa, Samar G. ^{[1
]}

Leithead, Amy ^{[1
]}

Li, Shao-Meng ^{[1
]}

Chan, Tak W. ^{[2
]}

Wentzell, Jeremy J. B. ^{[1
]}

Stroud, Craig ^{[1
]}

Zhang, Junhua ^{[1
]}

Lee, Patrick ^{[1
]}

Lu, Gang ^{[1
]}

Brook, Jeffery R. ^{[1
]}

Hayden, Katherine ^{[1
]}

Narayan, Julie ^{[1
]}

Liggio, John ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada

[2] Environm Canada, Emiss Res & Measurement Sect, 335 River Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT | 2016年 / 131卷

关键词：

Hydrogen cyanide; Biodiesel; Diesel; Gasoline; Emission factor; PFI; GDI; Biomass burning; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION; SELECTIVE CATALYTIC-REDUCTION; LESS HAZARDOUS CIGARETTES; BIODIESEL BLEND FUEL; FREE TROPOSPHERIC CO; CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; IN-USE; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; UNREGULATED EMISSIONS;

D O I：

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.01.050

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is considered a marker for biomass burning emissions and is a component of vehicle exhaust. Despite its potential health impacts, vehicular HCN emissions estimates and their contribution to regional budgets are highly uncertain. In the current study, Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to measure HCN emission factors from the exhaust of individual diesel, biodiesel and gasoline vehicles. Laboratory emissions data as a function of fuel type and driving mode were combined with ambient measurement data and model predictions. The results indicate that gasoline vehicles have the highest emissions of HCN (relative to diesel fuel) and that biodiesel fuel has the potential to significantly reduce HCN emissions even at realistic 5% blend levels. The data further demonstrate that gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines emit more HCN than their port fuel injection (PFI) counterparts, suggesting that the expected full transition of vehicle fleets to GDI will increase HCN emissions. Ambient measurements of HCN in a traffic dominated area of Toronto, Canada were strongly correlated to vehicle emission markers and consistent with regional air quality model predictions of ambient air HCN, indicating that vehicle emissions of HCN are the dominant source of exposure in urban areas. The results further indicate that additional work is required to quantify HCN emissions from the modern vehicle fleet, particularly in light of continuously changing engine, fuel and after-treatment technologies. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

引用

页码：185 / 195

页数：11

共 102 条

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