Complex immunohistochemical evaluation of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands

Background: Diagnostic methods are important in modern medicine. Among the most well-known methods are histological and immunohistochemical. Each of the listed methods is used for diagnostics of various human neoplasms, in particular, tumours of the salivary glands. Thus, most sources and scientific articles attempt to evaluate and carry out the diagnosis of tumours of the salivary glands (pleomorphic adenomas) by only one immunohistochemical criterion, while a complex approach is used only in individual cases. The purpose of the research was to conduct a comprehensive immunohistochemical evaluation of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. Materials and Methods: Diagnostic methods are important in modern medicine. Among the most well-known methods are histological and immunohistochemical. Each of the listed methods is used for diagnostics of various human neoplasms, in particular, tumours of the salivary glands. Thus, most sources and scientific articles attempt to evaluate and carry out the diagnosis of tumours of the salivary glands (pleomorphic adenomas) by only one immunohistochemical criterion, while a complex approach is used only in individual cases. The purpose of the research was to conduct a comprehensive immunohistochemical evaluation of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands. Results: The analyses of the research showed that the parotid salivary gland was affected in most of the patients with pleomorphic adenomas. Among the viruses that were present-19 (67.85%) patients had HPV type 16, and 8 (28.57%) patients had the Epstein-Barr virus dominating. Among the hormones, the distribution was as follows: 3 (10.7%)-progesterone, 2 (7.14%)-oestrogen. PLAG1 had the highest expression in the parotid salivary gland tissues-24 (88.88%). Conclusion: The complex evaluation of the immunohistochemical parameters of the pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands (mainly in the parotid salivary glands) has established the presence of 5 markers: ER (oestrogen), PR (progesterone), HPV type 16, EBV, and PLAG1.