The COPE revised: Proposing a 5-factor model of coping strategies

The COPE (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989), an inventory of coping strategies, was revised by modifying one of its subscales and adding seven new ones. Factor analysis of the new questionnaire revealed five dimensions: self-help, approach, accommodation, avoidance, and self-punishment. To measure these dimensions, we constructed a 5-subscale, 40-item revised COPE (R-COPE). In subsequent studies, the 5 R-COPE subscales were predicted prospectively from one situational variable (perceived control) and one dispositional construct (autonomy versus control orientation). In additional studies, the 5 subscales served as prospective predictors of several adjustment and well being indices. These studies along with correlations between the five subscales and other variables demonstrated both convergent and discriminant validity of the R-COPE. Theoretical implications of the 5-factor solution and the case for using the R-COPE in future coping research are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.