Nutrient sensing, growth and senescence

被引:33
|
作者
Carroll, Bernadette [1 ]
Korolchuk, Viktor I. [1 ]
机构
[1] Newcastle Univ, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, Tyne & Wear, England
基金
英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;
关键词
ageing; autophagy; growth; membrane potential; mTORC1; primary cilia; senescence; ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCE; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; PRIMARY-CILIUM; DNA-DAMAGE; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION; SECRETORY PHENOTYPE; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; AMINO-ACID; DEPENDENT SENESCENCE; QUALITY-CONTROL;
D O I
10.1111/febs.14400
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Cell growth is dictated by a wide range of mitogenic signals, the amplitude and relative contribution of which vary throughout development, differentiation and in a tissue-specific manner. The ability to sense and appropriately respond to changes in mitogens is fundamental to control cell growth, and reduced responsiveness of nutrient sensing pathways is widely associated with human disease and ageing. Cellular senescence is an important tumour suppressor mechanism that is characterised by an irreversible exit from the cell cycle in response to replicative exhaustion or excessive DNA damage. Despite the fact that senescent cells can no longer divide, they remain metabolically active and display a range of pro-growth phenotypes that are supported in part by the mTORC1-autophagy signalling axis. As our understanding of the basic mechanisms of controlling mTORC1-autophagy activity and cell growth continues to expand, we are able to explore how changes in nutrient sensing contribute to the acquisition and maintenance of cellular senescence. Furthermore, while the protective effect of senescence to limit cellular transformation is clear, more recently, the age-related accumulation of these pro-inflammatory senescent cells has been shown to contribute to a decline in organismal fitness. We will further discuss whether dysregulation of nutrient sensing pathways can be targeted to promote senescent cell death which would have important implications for healthy ageing.
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页码:1948 / 1958
页数:11
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