Biosensors in monitoring public health: Industry 4.0 applications-a review

Given the rise of pandemics worldwide, prevention of infectious disease has become a major concern and a growing field of work. Wastewater has optimum environmental conditions for proliferation and growth of many pathogens, and containment of toxic materials and compounds. Biosensors play a very important role in this segment therefore this review aims to emphasize the most recent advancements and novel ideas regarding biosensor use in sanitation infrastructure to monitor and improve general population health, with possible applications in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The review study is based on 13 specific scientific papers focusing specifically on the sanitation infrastructure monitoring, published in the period between 2015 and 2021. It demonstrates the ability to interconnect different medical areas with simple tools and an 'online' approach to the sewage, enabling personalized gadgets, online storage and processing of the data on a much larger scale. This opens the door for the creation of smart cities as a whole, introducing much more organization and information flow. Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license