There is a need for advanced traffic to effectively utilize today's transportation system. An automated operating system, with round the clock incident detection, would help to initiate the required action On time in case of an accident and would minimize the effect of the incident. One of the key elements Of ATMS is the vehicle detection unit. The most commonly used inductive loop detectors have a relatively short life span and frequently malfunction. Any maintenance of loop detectors requires road closures. Also, Safety of the crew is an issue. An overview of currently available technologies for traffic control and monitoring is presented, with special emphasis on systems that can be installed and maintained without significantly interfering with the traffic. The paper presents the available technologies, provides comparative information about them, and discusses the technical and conceptual problems typically arising during the deployment. The paper describes video detection systems that currently seem to be the most attractive alternative to the traditional intrusive methods. The new perspectives for traffic monitoring and management not available so far are drawn. The typical architecture of these systems is described, and a few popular video systems are presented in some detail. The most critical deployment issues, such as the choice of the equipment, are described, the location of the sensors is discussed, and data transmission problems are considered.
