Heuristic Approach for Stagnation Free Energy Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

One of applications of Ant Colony is in path finding process by exploiting its foraging behavior. Ants' movement, their inter-communication style, their defensive and offensive systems, and their path finding style are exploited in many applications of real time importance. After convergence of ants to a path, the path stagnation issue may arise i.e. continuous usage of same path. This prong is very challenging for rapid depletion of resources and becomes more endangered for constraint resources' networks like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) which are having energy constraint. This issue makes the working of foraging process inapplicable in most of the similar domains. The aforementioned issue is resolved in this research article. The key constituent of proposed technique; Enhanced Pheromone Heuristic Control (EPHC) is a function composed of heuristic function I, heuristic function II and the pheromone concentration. These calculated probability functions are used for releasing the route from stagnant path. Our technique outperforms the existing solution with respect to some very important performance evaluation parameters. The performance efficiency of EPHC over Pheromone Heuristic Control with respect to average path hop value, average end to end delay, average queuing delay and total energy consumption are 10.15%, 6.37%, 5.45% and 21.03% respectively.