Quantum dot heterostructures: fabrication, properties, lasers (Review)

In the present review we summarize original results where 1) we have experimentally discovered a novel class of spontaneously ordered nanostructures, namely equilibrium arrays of three-dimensional, coherently strained islands on crystal surfaces; 2) we have developed a theory of spontaneous formation of semiconductor nanostructures in heteroepitaxial systems; 3) we have experimentally demonstrated the existence of a novel class of semiconductor heterostructures, namely perfect quantum dots having an atom-like energy spectrum; we have performed a detailed investigation of the optical properties of quantum dots; 4) we have fabricated quantum dot-based injection lasers demonstrating unique charactristics, namely high-temperature stability of the threshold current and ultra-high material gain. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.