Neuroprotective effect and mechanism of baicalin on Parkinson's disease model induced by 6-OHDA

Objective: This research was aimed to investigate the effects of baicalin on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the main mechanism of baicalin based on metabolomics. Methods: The rat model of PD was induced by 6-OHDA. The protective effects of baicalin on rat model of PD were evaluated by open field test and rotarod test. The anti-PD efficacy of baicalin was evaluated by examining the morphologic changes of neurons and the level of monoamine neurotransmitters in the striatum, the number and morphology of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons, and oxidative stress. Combined with metabolomics methods, the pharmacodynamic mechanism of baicalin on PD pathogenesis was also explored. Results: Baicalin treatment improved the rod time and voluntary movement in rat model of PD (P<0.05) by the open field test and rotarod test. In addition, baicalin also protected from oxidative stress injury (P<0.05), and regulated the content of monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (P<0.05) and the number and morphology of TH-positive cells in 6-OHDA-induced PD model rats. By metabolomics, multivariate statistical analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we found that two metabolites N-acetyl aspartic acid and glutamic acid had a good diagnostic value. Quantitative analysis of metabolites showed a regulatory function of baicalin. Conclusion: Baicalin has significant protective effect on 6-OHDA-induced PD rats, which may play a protective role through an antioxidant, promoting the release of neurotransmitters and regulating the metabolism of N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate.