[1] Tongji Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Rd & Traff Engn, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China
[2] Southwest Jiaotong Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA
[4] Shanxi Transportat Res Inst, Key Lab Highway Construct & Maintenance Technol, Minist Transport Loess Reg, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, Peoples R China