Heat and fluid flow behaviors in a laminar tube flow with circular protruded twisted tape inserts

The purpose of this research is to compare the flow and heat transfer properties of water within a straight circular pipe with circular protruded twisted-tape inserts to those inserted by traditional twisted tapes. The investigation was conducted for a laminar flow in a three-dimensional constant heat flux-wall tube. The effects of circular protruded twisted-tape geometries were studied using a twist ratio of y/w = 3. The maximal thermal enhancement factor (TEF) is approximately 1.5 times greater than that provided by traditional twisted tape. Nusselt number and friction factor versus Reynolds number simulation findings for CPTT tube is 15-24% and 12 to 22% higher, respectively, than for PTT tube. The use of the inserts further increased the pressure drop along the pipe. For CPTT tube, an empirical correlation was developed to match numerical data with an 11% variance in the Nusselt number and an 8.5% variation in the friction factor. At lower Reynolds numbers, using a twisted tube combined with a protrusion is viable in terms of energy savings. The current study may optimize energy usage by designing a compact heat exchanger.