Calibration and field application of passive sampling for episodic exposure to polar organic pesticides in streams

被引：42
|
作者：
Fernandez, Diego [1 ]
Vermeirssen, Etienne L. M. [2 ]
Bandow, Nicole [3 ]
Munoz, Katherine [1 ]
Schaefer, Ralf B. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Environm Sci, D-76829 Landau, Germany
[2] EPFL, Swiss Ctr Appl Ecotoxicol Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
[3] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
来源：
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION | 2014年 / 194卷
关键词：
Passive sampling; Pesticide; Water monitoring; Freshwater; SURFACE WATERS; SEMIPOLAR PESTICIDES; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; SAMPLERS; CHEMCATCHER; POLLUTANTS; CATCHMENT; FUNGICIDES; PERFORMANCE; KINETICS;
D O I：
10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.001
中图分类号：
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号：
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要：
Rainfall-triggered runoff is a major driver of pesticide input in streams. Only few studies have examined the suitability of passive sampling to quantify such episodic exposures. In this study, we used Empore(TM) styrene-divinylbenzene reverse phase sulfonated disks (SDB disks) and event-driven water samples (EDS) to assess exposure to 15 fungicides and 4 insecticides in 17 streams in a German vineyard area during 4 rainfall events. We also conducted a microcosm experiment to determine the SDB-disk sampling rates and provide a free-software solution to derive sampling rates under time-variable exposure. Sampling rates ranged from 0.26 to 0.77 L d(-1) and time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations from 0.05 to 2.11 mu g/L. The 2 sampling systems were in good agreement and EDS exceeded TWA concentrations on average by a factor of 3. Our study demonstrates that passive sampling is suitable to quantify episodic exposures from polar organic pesticides. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码：196 / 202
页数：7
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