Accurate Online Measurement of Iron Concentration in Galvannealed Coating Layers by Shift of X-ray Diffraction Peak

The authors have developed a new online measurement system for the Fe concentration in galvannealed (GA) coating layers based on the proportionality between the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak angle of the Delta, phase and the Fe concentration. The online system was realized by high speed measurement of the XRD peak angle by a one-dimensional detector and use of a correction algorithm for the angular error caused by the displacement of the GA strip surface from the measurement position. The XRD profile and displacement were simultaneously measured by the one-dimensional detector and a laser displacement meter, respectively. The high accuracy of this new online system was demonstrated in a continuous galvanizing line with GA steel strips of Si-added and Si-free base steels. The developed system showed sufficiently high accuracy even with the Si-added base steel, with which adequate accuracy could not be obtained with conventional online systems, based on the diffracted intensity of the Gamma phase, due to the suppression of Gamma phase formation. Since the Delta, phase is the major phase of the GA layers, the main advantage of the developed system is that its accuracy is less sensitive to the composition of the base steel. The developed system can be applied to other online measurement applications in the steel industry for various purposes such as measurement of phase transition, orientation, crystallinity, strain and other features.