Greening up: the effects of environmental standards in EU and US trade agreements

被引:60
作者
Bastiaens, Ida [1 ]
Postnikov, Evgeny [2 ]
机构
[1] Fordham Univ, Dept Polit Sci, New York, NY 10023 USA
[2] Univ Melbourne, Sch Social & Polit Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
关键词
Preferential trade agreements; conditionality; civil society; environmental standards; North-South trade; POLITICS; LABOR; DIFFUSION; WORLD; STATE;
D O I
10.1080/09644016.2017.1338213
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Can environmental provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) foster an environmental race to the top? The ways in which different enforcement mechanisms in North-South PTAs affect the implementation of environmental standards in developing countries are examined. It is argued that environmental provisions in European Union (EU) and United States (US) PTAs will be effective in instigating policy change in partner countries, although the timing of the effect will vary significantly. Fines and sanctions in US PTAs incentivize partner countries to reform during the negotiation process. Reform in EU PTA partners is predicted to occur during agreement implementation as a result of the EU's policy dialogue approach. Illustrative evidence is provided and the hypotheses are tested using statistical estimations of EU and US PTAs with environmental provisions on developing countries' environmental policy reform.
引用
收藏
页码:847 / 869
页数:23
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