Validation of the Sainte-Justine Head Trauma Pathway for children younger than two years of age

The Sainte-Justine Head Trauma Pathway helps physicians' decision-making in the evaluation of head trauma in young children. We evaluated the pathway to identify clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) among children younger than two years who presented to a pediatric emergency department for a head trauma. The primary outcome was ciTBI, defined as a TBI complicated by death, neurosurgery, intubation or hospitalization for more than one night. Among 2258 children, we reviewed the charts of all hospitalized children (n = 100) and a random sample of nonhospitalized children (n = 101) and found a ciTBI in 26 patients. The Sainte-Justine Head Trauma Pathway and the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Pediatric Head Injury Prediction Rule both had a sensitivity of 96% (95% confidence interval 81%-100%). We found that the Sainte-Justine Head Trauma Pathway does not improve the identification of ciTBI among young children with head trauma.