The crystal structures of two diastereomeric -Pro-Pro-(Aib)(4)- sequences, CbZ-L-Pro-L-Pro-(Aib)(4)-OMe (1) and Cbz-D-Pro-L-Pro-(Aib)(4)-OMe (2), have been determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The crystals of the two compounds were characterized by the following parameters: (1) monochnic. P2(1), a=10.543 angstrom, b=8.103 angstrom, c=22.642 angstrom, beta=97.679, Z=2, R-1=0.104, and R-w=0.327: (2) orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a=10.470 angstrom, b=10.953 angstrom, c=32.405 angstrom, Z=4, R-1=0.040, and R-w=0.046. In the asymmetric Unit Of 1, the homochiral L-Pro(1)-L-Pro(2) adopts a polyproline II structure, which induces a left-handed (M) 3(10)-helical structure in the following -(Aib)(4)- sequence. The preferred conformation of diastereomeric 2, which contains heterochiral D-Pro(1)-L-Pro(2) segments, was similar to that of 1 with differences at the N-terminal D-Pro residue. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.