Surgical Treatment for Synchronous Primary Lung Adenocarcinomas

Background. Surgical treatment has become the mainstay of treatment for multiple primary lung cancers. In particular, the prevalence of synchronous primary lung adenocarcinomas (SPLA) has recently increased, but few studies have evaluated surgical outcomes of patients with SPLA. We reviewed the clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes of SPLA to identify factors related to survival. Methods. Data on 2,041 consecutive patients with primary non-small cell carcinoma who underwent surgical resection in our hospital from 1995 through 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results. The SPLA was pathologically diagnosed in 93 patients, including 26 with bilateral tumors. The rates of overall survival and recurrence-free survival at 5 years were 87.0% and 81.8%, respectively. There was no surgical mortality at 30 days. On univariate analysis, lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0000), nonlepidic predominant histologic subtype (p = 0.0018), and a solid appearance of the largest tumor on computed tomography (p = 0.0088) were significantly related to poor overall survival. On multivariate analysis, bilateral distribution of tumors (p = 0.031), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004), and sublobar resection (p = 0.042) were independent predictors of poor survival. Conclusions. Surgery has good outcomes and should be aggressively performed for patients with SPLA. The evaluation of lymph node status has an important role in deciding whether surgery is indicated. Bilateral tumors are a predictor of poor outcomes, requiring that caution be exercised. Lobectomy has a high cure rate and should be performed whenever possible. However, sublobar resection should be considered for patients likely to have poor residual lung function postoperatively. (C) 2014 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.