Calcium phosphate and fluorinated calcium phosphate coatings on titanium deposited by Nd:YAG laser at a high fluence

Calcium phosphate coatings are known to enhance long-term fixation, reliability and promote osteointegration of cementless titanium-based implant devices. This study was aimed at the pulsed laser deposition of calcium phosphate coatings onto titanium using hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite targets. The deposition was carried out at the high laser beam fluence conditions. about 12 J/cm(2). The coatings were characterized with respect to their morphology, phase composition and hardness. Xray energy dispersive analysis revealed the coatings retain their elemental composition, and fluoride content within the film is the same as in the initial target. However, unlike sintered targets, the deposited films contain no apatite-like phases. The hardness of the films, about IS GPa, is surprisingly high compared to that of hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-fluorapatite ceramic targets. The deposited coatings of 2.7-2.9 mum thickness have uniform and dense microstructure, containing the solidified droplets of the expulsed front the target phase. The uncommon structure and hardness of the films can be attributed to the melting and phase decomposition of the initial material in the laser plasma. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.