An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective

被引:54
|
作者
Mazaheri, Hoora [1 ]
Ong, Hwai Chyuan [2 ]
Amini, Zeynab [3 ]
Masjuki, Haji Hassan [4 ]
Mofijur, M. [2 ,5 ]
Su, Chia Hung [6 ]
Anjum Badruddin, Irfan [7 ,8 ]
Khan, T. M. Yunus [8 ]
机构
[1] Univ Malaya, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
[2] Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn & Informat Technol, Ctr Green Technol, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
[3] Queensland Univ Technol, Ctr Agr & Bioecon, 2 George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia
[4] Int Islamic Univ IIUM, Fac Engn, Dept Mech Engn, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia
[5] Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
[6] Ming Chi Univ Technol, Dept Chem Engn, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
[7] King Khalid Univ, Res Ctr Adv Mat Sci RCAMS, POB 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
[8] King Khalid Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Mech Engn, POB 394, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
关键词
biodiesel production; heterogeneous catalyst; alternative fuel; renewable energy; alkaline metal oxides; WASTE COOKING OIL; ZEOLITE-BASED CATALYST; CEIBA-PENTANDRA OIL; AL2O3 SUPPORTED CAO; OF-THE-ART; PALM OIL; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST; SOYBEAN OIL; TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION; ENGINE PERFORMANCE;
D O I
10.3390/en14133950
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the synthesis of calcium oxide-based catalysts, and the effect of reaction parameters on the biodiesel yield of calcium oxide-based catalysis are studied. Further, the common reactor designs used for the heterogeneous catalysis using calcium oxide-based catalysts are explained. Moreover, the catalytic activity mechanism, challenges and prospects of the application of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel generation are discussed. The study of calcium oxide-based catalyst should continue to be evaluated for the potential of their application in the commercial sector as they remain the pivotal goal of these studies.
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页数:23
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