Membrane separation in green chemical processing - Solvent nanofiltration in liquid phase organic synthesis reactions

被引:63
作者
Livingston, A [1 ]
Peeva, L
Han, SJ
Nair, D
Luthra, SS
White, LS
Dos Santos, LMF
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2BY, England
[2] WR Grace & Co Conn, Columbia, MD 21044 USA
[3] GlaxoSmithKline, Harlow, Essex, England
来源
ADVANCED MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY | 2003年 / 984卷
关键词
organic solvent nanofiltration; solvent exchange; homogeneous catalyst recycle;
D O I
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb05996.x
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This paper describes ideas together with preliminary experimental results for applying solvent nanofiltration to liquid phase organic synthesis reactions. Membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration have only recently (during the 1990s) become available and, to date, have been applied primarily to food processing (vegetable oil processing, in particular) and refinery processes. Applications to organic synthesis, even at a laboratory feasibility level, are few. However, these membranes have great potential to improve the environmental performance of many liquid phase synthesis reactions by reducing the need for complex solvent handling operations. Examples that are shown to be feasible are solvent exchanges, where it is desired to swap a high molecular weight molecule from one solvent to another between separate stages in a complex synthesis, and recycle and reuse of homogeneous catalysts. In solvent exchanges, nanofiltration is shown to provide a fast and effective means of swapping from a high boiling point solvent to a solvent with a lower boiling point-this is a difficult operation by means of distillation. Solvent nanofiltration is shown to be able to separate two distinct types of homogeneous catalysts, phase transfer catalysts and organometallic catalysts, from their respective reaction products. In both cases the application of organic solvent nanoflltration allows several reuses of the same catalyst. Catalyst stability is shown to be an essential requirement for this technique to be effective. Finally, we present a discussion of scale-up aspects including membrane flux and process economics.
引用
收藏
页码:123 / 141
页数:19
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