Temporal and spatial variabilities in surface mass balance at the EGRIP site, Greenland from 2009 to 2017

Temporal variability in surface mass balance (SMB) on the Greenland ice sheet is important for understanding the mass balance of the ice sheet. Additionally, knowledge of the spatial variability in SMB at ice core drilling sites helps to interpret the spatial representativeness of SMB data obtained from a single ice core. In this study, to investigate the spatiotemporal variability in recent SMB in the East Greenland Ice Core Project (EGRIP) area in the northeastern Greenland ice sheet, pit observations were made at six sites in the summers of 2016?2018. In all pits, depth profiles of water isotope ratios showed clear seasonal variations. The annual SMB differed from site to site, which is probably due to post-depositional redistribution of snow caused by wind erosion and snowdrift. However, the multiple-site averages of annual SMBs, which ranged from 134 to 157 mm w. e. yr-1 (average 146 mm w. e. yr? 1) during 2009?2017, were very similar. This indicates that annual SMBs in the EGRIP area were nearly constant in this period. The seasonal SMBs in the EGRIP area tended to be larger in the summer?winter period than in the winter?summer period.