Promoting gender equality through regulation: the case of parental leave

Parental leave regulation is not gender-neutral. Policies that encourage fathers' leave-taking relate to the enhancement of child well-being, caring fatherhood, and gender equality among the couple and in the workplace. There are various designs of parental leave policies, depending on a combination of factors, such as length, income replacement rate and the compulsory nature of leave. This article draws on data from the 16th International Review of Leave Policies and Related Research (2020) and analyses main features of parental leave policies in seven countries (Germany, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Israel, Japan and the United States), confronting it with recent research on the use of parental leave in those countries. Subsequently, the article provides evidence for the benefits of fathers' uptake of paternity and parental leave and points out three features that leave policies must incorporate to promote gender equality and notes the importance of employers' self-regulation.