The risk factors and prognosis of delayed perihematomal edema in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Purpose We hypothesize delayed perihematomal edema (DHE) leads to secondary injury after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) with a poor prognosis. Hence, we need to investigate the risk factors of DHE and identify whether DHE will predict the poor outcome of sICH. Methods We retrospectively recruited 121 patients with sICH admitted to the Department of Neurology from January 2014 to August 2018. After dividing all these patients into DHE group and non-DHE group, we analyzed the potential risk factors and outcome of DHE using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results We conclude DHE after sICH associates with age, hospitalization time, hematoma shape, blood pressure upon admission, alcohol consumption, blood sodium level, and baseline hematoma volume within 24 hours after symptom onset, among which differences were statistically significant (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis finally identified that age (OR = 0.958, 95% CI = 0.923-0.995) and the baseline hematoma volume (OR = 1.161, 95% CI = 1.089-1.238) were the most significant risk factors for DHE, and moreover, the DHE (OR = 3.062, 95% CI = 1.196-7.839) was also a risk factor for poor prognosis in sICH patients. Conclusion We suggest DHE is a clinical predictor of secondary injury following sICH and poor prognosis. In addition, age and baseline hematoma volume are considered significant high-risk factors for DHE in patients with sICH.