Molecular mechanisms of hypoxia in cancer

被引:128
作者
Challapalli, Amarnath [1 ]
Carroll, Laurence [2 ]
Aboagye, Eric O. [2 ]
机构
[1] Bristol Canc Inst, Dept Clin Oncol, Horfield Rd, Bristol, Avon, England
[2] Imperial Coll, Dept Surg & Canc, Hammersmith Hosp, GN1,Commonwealth Bldg,Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, England
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
Hypoxia; MRI; Positron emission tomography; Hypoxia radiotracers; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE; ASSESSING TUMOR HYPOXIA; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE-IX; INDUCIBLE FACTOR-1-ALPHA EXPRESSION; INTERMITTENT BLOOD-FLOW; O2 TENSION MEASUREMENTS; GLUCOSE METABOLIC-RATE;
D O I
10.1007/s40336-017-0231-1
中图分类号
R8 [特种医学]; R445 [影像诊断学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100207 ; 1009 ;
摘要
Purpose Hypoxia is a condition of insufficient oxygen to support metabolism which occurs when the vascular supply is interrupted, or when a tumour outgrows its vascular supply. It is a negative prognostic factor due to its association with an aggressive tumour phenotype and therapeutic resistance. This review provides an overview of hypoxia imaging with Positron emission tomography (PET), with an emphasis on the biological relevance, mechanism of action, highlighting advantages, and limitations of the currently available hypoxia radiotracers. Methods A comprehensive PubMed literature search was performed, identifying articles relating to biological significance and measurement of hypoxia, MRI methods, and PET imaging of hypoxia in preclinical and clinical settings, up to December 2016. Results A variety of approaches have been explored over the years for detecting and monitoring changes in tumour hypoxia, including regional measurements with oxygen electrodes placed under CT guidance, MRI methods that measure either oxygenation or lactate production consequent to hypoxia, different nuclear medicine approaches that utilise imaging agents the accumulation of which is inversely related to oxygen tension, and optical methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are reviewed, along with individual strategies for validating different imaging methods. PET is the preferred method for imaging tumour hypoxia due to its high specificity and sensitivity to probe physiological processes in vivo, as well as the ability to provide information about intracellular oxygenation levels. Conclusion Even though hypoxia could have significant prognostic and predictive value in the clinic, the best method for hypoxia assessment has in our opinion not been realised.
引用
收藏
页码:225 / 253
页数:29
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