A Novel Framework for Evaluating Maximum PEV Penetration Into Distribution Systems

Due to environmental concerns and depletion of fossil fuel resources, the penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is expected to increase in the near future. However, such electrification of the transportation sector is expected to impact the distribution grid adversely. This paper presents a novel framework to determine the appropriate level of PEV penetration that distribution systems can accommodate. Monte Carlo simulation has been used to simulate the uncertainty of typical demand, drivers' behavior, PEV market share, and charging level share. Moreover, the maximum allowable penetration of uncontrolled and smart charging loads are determined based on the current available market data pertaining to PEV type and charging level, considering different charging scenarios. The proposed framework is examined and compared across a number of scenarios.