Loliolide, isolated from Sargassum horneri; abate LPS-induced inflammation via TLR mediated NF-KB, MAPK pathways in macrophages

The secondary metabolite terpene lactone; 6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)one; (Loliolide) from Sargassum horneri which is abundant on the shores of South Korea was investigated for its anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 macrophages under LPS stimulation. Isolation and identification were assisted by HPCPC, HPLC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR. Initial assessments of NO production downregulation influenced further studies of inflammatory mediators such that; iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines including PGE2 which were significantly declined with loliolide treatment. Inflammation is initiated via the identification of alien matter from the cell membrane; the toll-like receptor modulated NF-KB was investigated combined with MAPK signaling. Experimental outputs manifested the potential of loliolide to abate the inflammation in macrophages which were confronted by LPS. Hence, this provides insight to the mediation of inflammatory disorders through the sustainable use of abundant natural source marine algae and utilizing its secondary metabolites.