Effect of chronic treatment with the inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-iminoethyl-L-lysine or with L-arginine on progression of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

Background-We examined the implications of iNOS in atherosclerosis progression using the selective inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor N-iminoethyl-L-lysine (L-NIL) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Methods and Results-Nine rabbits were fed a 0.3% cholesterol diet for 24 weeks (Baseline group); 25 animals were maintained on the diet and treated for 12 extra weeks with L-NIL (5 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1), L-Nn group, n=8), vehicle (Saline group, n=9), or L-arginine (2.25%, L-Arg group, n=8), In abdominal aortas of Saline rabbits, the lesions (53.7+/-5.7%, Baseline) increased to 75.0+/-5.0% (P<0.05) but remained unaltered in the L-NIL group (63.4+/-6.6%). Similar results were obtained for the intima/media ratio in thoracic aortas. In coronary arteries, the intima/media ratio was comparable in Baseline (0.68+/-0.18) and Saline (0.96+/-0.19) rabbits but decreased to 0.34+/-0.19 (P<0.05) in L-NIL rabbits. L-Arginine had beneficial effects only in abdominal aortas. An increased thoracic aorta collagen content was found in Saline and L-Arg but not in L-NIL rabbits. In thoracic aortas of the Saline group, acetylcholine caused modest relaxations that slightly increased by L-arginine but not by L-NIL. Relaxations to nitroglycerin were ameliorated by L-NIL. Conclusions-This is the first study showing that chronic treatment with an iNOS inhibitor, L-NIL, limits progression of preexisting atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Increased intimal collagen accumulation may participate in iNOS-induced atherosclerosis progression.