Effect of calcination temperature on hydroxyapatite developed from waste poultry eggshell

Nowadays, researchers are exploring the suitability of agricultural wastes as biomaterials to solve biomedical related problems. In this work, we investigated the effect of calcination temperature on the properties of hydrothermally synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp). Chicken eggshells were obtained from local farm as a waste and were thoroughly washed and boiled in distilled water for 10 min to remove its inherent membranes. The cleaned shells were oven dried for 24 h, and thereafter divided into three parts to carry out a three-stage calcination treatment at 800 degrees C, 900 degrees C and 1000 degrees C, respectively. The calcined samples were separately dispersed in beakers containing 100 ml of distilled water and orthophosphoric acid, and were subjected to vigorous stirring under a mechanical stirrer on a hot plate at 90 degrees C. Ageing treatment of the samples gave lumped white solids for each samples, and were subsequently pulverised into powders. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), were employed to study the powder morphology, phase components and elemental composition, respectively. It was observed that the HAp synthesized at 1000 degrees C (HA1000) has a similar stoichiometry ratio (Ca/P = 1.65) with that of natural bone and also has the tendency to agglomerate by creating pores required for body fluid circulation. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of African Institute of Mathematical Sciences / Next Einstein Initiative.