Landfilled coal ash for carbon dioxide capture and its potential as a geopolymer binder for hazardous waste remediation

The legacy of global fossil fuel usage is not just the increase in global warming due to CO2 production, but also the billions of tons of toxic coal ash disposed in landfills. This investigation evaluates the merits of using highcalcium landfilled coal fly ash of different disposal durations and granulated blast furnace (GBF) slag as primary raw materials for production of a new class of geopolymer binder. Processing of landfilled coal fly ash, GBF slag and supplementary raw materials into a geopolymer binder was accomplished by a simple, scalable milling process in the absence of heating under a carbon dioxide environment. The resultant geopolymer cement binders were tested for carbon dioxide uptake, compressive strength, and heavy metal stabilization. The geopolymer binder demonstrated a desired balance of carbon dioxide uptake, strength and safety. These results also indicate that the performance of the geopolymer binder depends on the landfill disposal age of the coal fly ash.