Materials for IT-SOFC stacks 35 years R&D: the inevitability of gradualness?

被引:376
作者
Steele, BCH [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Ctr Ion Conducting Ceram, London SW7 2BP, England
关键词
IT-SOFC; ceria electrolytes; oxygen exchange; oxygen diffusion; oxide cathodes; metallic substrates;
D O I
10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00709-8
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
A personal view is presented of developments over the period 1964-1999 that have gradually made possible the fabrication of IT-SOFC stacks operating at 500 degreesC. Although conceptual IT-SOFC designs were available in the early 1960s, their implementation had to await a much better understanding of various topics including: selection of optimal dopant type and concentration for solid electrolytes; the influence of microstructure on ionic conduction in ceramics; and the mechanism of oxygen ion formation and injection into solid electrolytes. The latter two topics have benefited immeasurably by the introduction of relevant instrumental techniques involving the use of frequency response analysers, and dynamic SIMS equipment to measure O-18/O-16 profiles in oxide electrolytes and mixed conductors. The parallel development of hydrocarbon reforming technology has also stimulated interest in IT-SOFC systems as syngas can now be effectively produced from natural gas at intermediate temperatures. With deregulation stimulating the introduction of distributed (embedded) electric power generation, the commercial future of micro-CHP units incorporating IT-SOFC stacks appears assured with entry into the market expected early in the next millennium. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:3 / 20
页数:18
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