Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for 14.5% of all central nervous system tumors and 48.6% of malignant central nervous system tumors. The median overall survival (OS) of GBM patients is only 15 months. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of GBM and factors that may have a significant impact on the risk of GBM. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a median overall survival of approximately 15 months. In this review, we analyze the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as epidemiological data, by age, gender, and tumor location. The data indicate that GBM is the higher-grade primary brain tumor and is significantly more common in men. The risk of being diagnosed with glioma increases with age, and median survival remains low, despite medical advances. In addition, it is difficult to determine clearly how GBM is influenced by stimulants, certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs), cell phone use, and exposure to heavy metals.
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USAUniv Padua, Sch Med, Dept Histol Microbiol & Med Biotechnol, I-35100 Padua, Italy
Wong, Christine
Hann, Byron
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USAUniv Padua, Sch Med, Dept Histol Microbiol & Med Biotechnol, I-35100 Padua, Italy
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USAUniv Padua, Sch Med, Dept Histol Microbiol & Med Biotechnol, I-35100 Padua, Italy
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Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Agnihotri, S.
Wolf, A.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Wolf, A.
Picard, D.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Picard, D.
Hawkins, C.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Pathol, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Hawkins, C.
Guha, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Agnihotri, Sameer
Wolf, Amparo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Wolf, Amparo
Munoz, Diana M.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Munoz, Diana M.
Smith, Christopher J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Smith, Christopher J.
Gajadhar, Aaron
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Gajadhar, Aaron
Restrepo, Andres
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Restrepo, Andres
Clarke, Ian D.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Clarke, Ian D.
Fuller, Gregory N.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
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Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neuropathol, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Fuller, Gregory N.
Kesari, Santosh
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Diego, Moores Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Kesari, Santosh
Dirks, Peter B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Dirks, Peter B.
McGlade, C. Jane
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
McGlade, C. Jane
Stanford, William L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
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Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Stanford, William L.
Aldape, Kenneth
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neuropathol, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Aldape, Kenneth
Mischel, Paul S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neuropathol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Mischel, Paul S.
Hawkins, Cynthia
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Pathol, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Hawkins, Cynthia
Guha, Abhijit
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
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Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Seoul 05505, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea
Park, Mi Yeon
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Kang, Mo-Yeol
Shin, In-Soo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
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Dongguk Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Seoul 04620, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea
Shin, In-Soo
An, Sungjae
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
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Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Seongnam 13620, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea
An, Sungjae
Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul
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h-index: 0
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Catholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USAUniv Padua, Sch Med, Dept Histol Microbiol & Med Biotechnol, I-35100 Padua, Italy
Wong, Christine
Hann, Byron
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USAUniv Padua, Sch Med, Dept Histol Microbiol & Med Biotechnol, I-35100 Padua, Italy
机构:
Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94115 USAUniv Padua, Sch Med, Dept Histol Microbiol & Med Biotechnol, I-35100 Padua, Italy
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Agnihotri, S.
Wolf, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Wolf, A.
Picard, D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Picard, D.
Hawkins, C.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Pathol, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Hawkins, C.
Guha, A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, CanadaUniv Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Agnihotri, Sameer
Wolf, Amparo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Wolf, Amparo
Munoz, Diana M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Munoz, Diana M.
Smith, Christopher J.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Smith, Christopher J.
Gajadhar, Aaron
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Gajadhar, Aaron
Restrepo, Andres
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Restrepo, Andres
Clarke, Ian D.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Clarke, Ian D.
Fuller, Gregory N.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neuropathol, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Fuller, Gregory N.
Kesari, Santosh
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif San Diego, Moores Canc Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Kesari, Santosh
Dirks, Peter B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Dirks, Peter B.
McGlade, C. Jane
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
McGlade, C. Jane
Stanford, William L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Inst Biomat & Biomed Engn, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Stanford, William L.
Aldape, Kenneth
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neuropathol, Houston, TX 77030 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Aldape, Kenneth
Mischel, Paul S.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neuropathol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USAUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Mischel, Paul S.
Hawkins, Cynthia
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Div Pathol, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Hawkins, Cynthia
Guha, Abhijit
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
Univ Toronto, Toronto Western Hosp, Div Neurosurg, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, CanadaUniv Toronto, Hosp Sick Children, Res Inst, Arthur & Sonia Labatts Brain Tumor Res Ctr, Toronto, ON M5A 2N4, Canada
机构:
Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Asan Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, Seoul 05505, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea
Park, Mi Yeon
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机构:
Kang, Mo-Yeol
Shin, In-Soo
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Dongguk Univ, Grad Sch Educ, Seoul 04620, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea
Shin, In-Soo
An, Sungjae
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neurosurg, Seongnam 13620, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea
An, Sungjae
Kim, Hyoung-Ryoul
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Catholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South KoreaCatholic Univ Korea, Seoul St Marys Hosp, Coll Med, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, Seoul 06591, South Korea