Effect of Animal and Industrial Trans Fatty Acids on HDL and LDL Cholesterol Levels in Humans - A Quantitative Review

被引:208
作者
Brouwer, Ingeborg A. [1 ]
Wanders, Anne J. [1 ,2 ]
Katan, Martijn B. [1 ]
机构
[1] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, EMGO Inst Hlth Care Res, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, Wageningen, Netherlands
关键词
CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MODERATELY HYPERLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS; HYDROGENATED SOYBEAN OIL; HEALTHY-HUMAN SUBJECTS; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0009434
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Background: Trans fatty acids are produced either by industrial hydrogenation or by biohydrogenation in the rumens of cows and sheep. Industrial trans fatty acids lower HDL cholesterol, raise LDL cholesterol, and increase the risk of coronary heart disease. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid and trans fatty acids from ruminant animals are less clear. We reviewed the literature, estimated the effects trans fatty acids from ruminant sources and of conjugated trans linoleic acid (CLA) on blood lipoproteins, and compared these with industrial trans fatty acids. Methodology/Principal Findings: We searched Medline and scanned reference lists for intervention trials that reported effects of industrial trans fatty acids, ruminant trans fatty acids or conjugated linoleic acid on LDL and HDL cholesterol in humans. The 39 studies that met our criteria provided results of 29 treatments with industrial trans fatty acids, 6 with ruminant trans fatty acids and 17 with CLA. Control treatments differed between studies; to enable comparison between studies we recalculated for each study what the effect of trans fatty acids on lipoprotein would be if they isocalorically replaced cis mono unsaturated fatty acids. In linear regression analysis the plasma LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio increased by 0.055 (95% CI 0.044-0.066) for each % of dietary energy from industrial trans fatty acids replacing cis monounsaturated fatty acids The increase in the LDL to HDL ratio for each % of energy was 0.038 (95% CI 0.012-0.065) for ruminant trans fatty acids, and 0.043 (95% CI 0.012-0.074) for conjugated linoleic acid (p = 0.99 for difference between CLA and industrial trans fatty acids; p = 0.37 for ruminant versus industrial trans fatty acids). Conclusions/Significance: Published data suggest that all fatty acids with a double bond in the trans configuration raise the ratio of plasma LDL to HDL cholesterol.
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页数:10
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