First Combined Study on Lorentz Invariance Violation from Observations of Energy-dependent Time Delays from Multiple-type Gamma-Ray Sources. I. Motivation, Method Description, and Validation through Simulations of HESS, MAGIC, and VERITAS Data Sets

被引:14
作者
Bolmont, Julien [1 ]
Caroff, Sami [1 ,12 ]
Gaug, Markus [2 ,3 ]
Gent, Alasdair [4 ,5 ]
Jacholkowska, Agnieszka [1 ]
Kerszberg, Daniel [6 ]
Levy, Christelle [1 ,7 ]
Lin, Tony [8 ]
Martinez, Manel [6 ]
Nogues, Leyre [6 ]
Otte, A. Nepomuk [4 ,5 ]
Perennes, Cedric [9 ,10 ]
Ronco, Michele [1 ]
Terzic, Tomislav [11 ]
机构
[1] Sorbonne Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
[2] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[3] CERES IEEC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[4] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[5] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, 837 State St NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[6] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
[7] Univ Paris, CNRS, PSL Res Univ, LUTH,Observ Paris, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France
[8] McGill Univ, Phys Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada
[9] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[10] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[11] Univ Rijeka, Dept Phys, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
[12] Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, F-74000 Annecy, France
基金
欧盟地平线“2020”;
关键词
LIGHT SPEED VARIATION; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; CRAB-NEBULA; PULSAR; TESTS; PERFORMANCE; RELATIVITY; DISPERSION; GEOMETRY; REDSHIFT;
D O I
10.3847/1538-4357/ac5048
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Gamma-ray astronomy has become one of the main experimental ways to test the modified dispersion relations (MDRs) of photons in vacuum, obtained in some attempts to formulate a theory of quantum gravity. The MDRs in use imply time delays that depend on the energy and that increase with distance following some function of redshift. The use of transient, or variable, distant and highly energetic sources already allows us to set stringent limits on the energy scale related to this phenomenon, usually thought to be of the order of the Planck energy, but robust conclusions on the existence of MDR-related propagation effects still require the analysis of a large population of sources. In order to gather the biggest sample of sources possible for MDR searches at teraelectronvolt energies, the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS collaborations enacted a joint task force to combine all their relevant data to constrain the quantum gravity energy scale. In the present article, the likelihood method used to combine the data and provide a common limit is described in detail and tested through simulations of recorded data sets for a gamma-ray burst, three flaring active galactic nuclei, and two pulsars. Statistical and systematic errors are assessed and included in the likelihood as nuisance parameters. In addition, a comparison of two different formalisms for distance dependence of the time lags is performed for the first time. In a second article, to appear later, the method will be applied to all relevant data from the three experiments.
引用
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页数:15
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