Soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sL-Selectin, sE-Selectin, sCD44) in healthy allogenic peripheral stem-cell donors primed with recombinant C-CSF

Background We analysed the effects of rhG-CSF (Amgen-Roche, USA) on serum changes of four soluble adhesion molecules (SAM) (sICAM-1, sL-Selectin, sE-Selectin and sCD44) in healthy peripheral allogeneic stem-cell transplantation donors and their correlation with acute GvHD and effect on engraftment kinetics. Methods Serum SAM of 15 consecutive healthy HLA identical-sibling donors (median age 30 years, male:female ratio 7:8) were monitored using a commercial ELISA Kit (Bender Med, Austria) prior to, on the day of first apheresis and 24 h after the cessation of rhG-CSF (10 mug/kg/day s.c. on 5 days) administration. Leukapheresis was started on the fifth day of rhG-CSF administration, using a continuous-flow blood separator (Cobe Spectra, COBE BCT, Inc, Lakewood CO). Apheresis cycles were continued daily until a target of 4.0 x 10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg was reached. Results The results indicate a steady rise of sL-Selectin, sE-Selectin, and sCD44, but not of sICAM-1. Median number of mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34(+) cells transfused were 7.7 x 10(8)/kg and 6.0 x 10(6)/kg, respectively. There was a near-significant correlation between the sL-Selectin levels and CD34(+) cell yield (r = 0.49, 0.06). Median granulocyte and platelet engraftment days were 11 (10-18) and 12 (9-33), respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between the CD34(+) cell dose and granulocyte levels (r = -0.68, p = 0.022), but not for platelet engraftment. The only correlation between SAM levels and engraftment war for sICAM-1 levels increasing sICAM-1 levels were a sign of prolonged neutropenia (r = 0.72,p = 0.011). No correlation between the apheresis day serum levels of adhesion molecules and acute GVHD was documented. Discussion Analysis of sICAM-1, sL-Selectin, sE-Selectin and sCD44 levels during allogeneic PBSC apheresis did not reveal any significant effect on engraftment and GvHD, except the correlation of sL-Selectin levels and collected CD34(+) cells. More research and data about the role of not only SAM levels, bat also antigenic expression of SAM are required to enlighten leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and egress of stem cells during G-CSF administration.