Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf Therapy Sessions among US Service Members

被引:10
作者
Glassman, Lisa H. [1 ,2 ]
Otis, Nicholas P. [1 ,2 ]
Michalewicz-Kragh, Betty [3 ]
Walter, Kristen H. [2 ]
机构
[1] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Leidos, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA
[2] Naval Hlth Res Ctr, Hlth & Behav Sci Dept, 140 Sylvester Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA
[3] Naval Med Ctr San Diego, Hlth & Wellness Dept, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134 USA
关键词
physical activity; exercise; gender differences; sex differences; surf therapy; military; depression; anxiety; affect; pain; NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE; MENTAL-HEALTH; WOMEN; MILITARY; VETERANS; STIGMA; CARE; PERCEPTIONS; PREVALENCE; DISORDER;
D O I
10.3390/ijerph18094634
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Surf therapy is increasingly being used as an intervention to address various health problems, including psychological symptoms. Although recent research supports the positive impact of surf therapy on psychological outcomes, it is unclear whether these outcomes differ between men and women. This study compared changes in depression/anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), positive affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale) between U.S. service men and women (N = 74) during six weekly surf therapy sessions. Overall, participants reported decreased depression/anxiety (p < 0.001) and increased positive affect (p < 0.001), but no change in pain rating following each session (p = 0.141). Significant gender differences were found in the magnitude of changes in depression/anxiety (B = -1.01, p = 0.008) and positive affect (B = 4.53, p < 0.001) during surf sessions, despite no differences in pre-session scores on either outcome. Women showed greater improvements in depression/anxiety and positive affect compared with men-an important finding, given that surfing and military environments are often socially dominated by men. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in other samples, extend this research to other underrepresented populations, and identify barriers and facilitators of the sustainable implementation of surf therapy across populations.
引用
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页数:12
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