BIOACCUMULATION KINETICS OF ORGANIC XENOBIOTIC POLLUTANTS IN THE FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATE GAMMARUS PULEX MODELED WITH PREDICTION INTERVALS

被引:72
作者
Ashauer, Roman [1 ]
Caravatti, Ivo [1 ]
Hintermeister, Anita [1 ]
Escher, Beate I. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Eawag, Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
[2] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol Entox, Brisbane, Qld 4108, Australia
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
Bioconcentration; Parameter estimation; Risk assessment; Toxicokinetic model; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; DEPENDENT BIOCONCENTRATION; SPECIES SENSITIVITY; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BAYESIAN-APPROACH; BODY BURDENS; EXPOSURE; SIZE; CHEMICALS;
D O I
10.1002/etc.175
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Uptake and elimination rate constants, bioaccumulation factors, and elimination times in the freshwater arthropod Gammarus pulex were measured for 14 organic micropollutants covering a wide range of hydrophobicity (imidacloprid, aldicarb, ethylacrylate, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol, carbofuran, malathion, 4-nitrobenzyl-chloride, 2,4-dichloroaniline, Sea-Nine, 2,4-dichlorophenol, diazinon, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene; all C-14-labeled). The toxicokinetic parameters were determined by least-square fitting of a one-compartment first-order toxicokinetic model, followed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation. The parameter estimation methods used here account for decreasing aqueous concentrations during the exposure phase or increasing aqueous concentrations during the elimination phase of bioaccumulation experiments. It is not necessary to keep exposure concentrations constant or zero during uptake and elimination, respectively. Neither is it required to achieve steady state during the exposure phase; hence, tests can be shorter. Prediction intervals, which take the between-parameter correlation into account, were calculated for bioaccumulation factors and simulations of internal concentrations under variable exposure. The lipid content of Gammarus index was 1.3% of wet weight, consisting of 25% phospholipids and 75% triglycerides. Size-dependent bioaccumulation was observed for eight compounds, although the magnitudes of the relationships were too small to be of practical relevance. Elimination times ranged from 0.45 to 20 d, and bioaccumulation factors ranged from 1.7 to 4,449 L/kg. The identified compounds with unexpectedly long elimination times should be given priority in future studies investigating the biotransformation of these compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1625-1636. (C) 2010 SETAC
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页码:1625 / 1636
页数:12
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