Elevated myocardial wall stress after percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST elevation myocardial infraction is associated with increased mortality

Background Despite early attempts to salvage myocardium-at-risk with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), changes in myocardial wall stress (MWS) leads to ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after acute ST-elevation myocardial infraction (STEMI). Whether this is transient or leads to long-term adverse outcomes major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is not known. We studied the association between MWS and MACE in patients after a successful PCI for acute STEMI. Objectives To study the MWS in percutaneously revascularized STEMI patients in relation to all-cause mortality and MACE. Methods We prospectively enrolled 142 patients who presented to our tertiary care hospital with acute STEMI requiring emergent PCI. In addition to the standard clinical biomarkers, both end-systolic and end-diastolic MWS was calculated using our recently validated Echocardiographic indices. Patients were then prospectively followed up to an average of 16.5 (+/- 12.0) months to assess all-cause mortality and MACE. Results During the follow-up period, 9% of the patients died and 17% developed MACE. Patients who died had significantly elevated end-systolic WS compared to those who survived (mean ESWS, 80.01 +/- 36.86 vs 59.28 +/- 27.68). There was no significant difference in end-diastolic WS, left ventricular systolic function and peak troponin levels among survivors versus non-survivors. Elevated ESWS (>62.5 Kpa) and age remained the significant predictors of mortality on multivariate logistic analysis (OR 7.75, CI 1.33-73.86, P = .03; OR 1.16, CI 1.06-1.31, P = .002). Conclusion Elevated ESWS measured by echocardiogram is associated with increased odds of long-term mortality in STEMI patients who have undergone emergent PCI. This finding can help clinicians to risk stratify high-risk patients.