A case of split cord malformation associated with myeloschisis

Introduction Split cord malformation (SCM) associated with myeloschisis is a very rare form of spinal dysraphism. We encountered a case of SCM associated with myeloschisis showing split neural placodes (hemicords) in the upper lumbar region. Results Radiological examinations, including prenatal MRI and postnatal CT scan, clearly demonstrated a bony spur between the two hemicords as well as myeloschisis, which facilitated a precise preoperative diagnosis of this complex anomaly. Resection of the spur, closure of the myeloschisis, and untethering of the thickened filum terminale were successfully accomplished in one stage. The presence of SCM associated with myeloschisis is consistent with the hypothesis of an ontogenic basis of neural development, and we emphasize the importance of early imaging including prenatal MRI for diagnosing this complex anomaly.