Antimicrobial Dispensing Practice in Community Pharmacies in Russia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

被引:6
|
作者
Rachina, Svetlana [1 ]
Kozlov, Roman [2 ]
Kurkova, Anastasiya [2 ]
Portnyagina, Ulyana [3 ]
Palyutin, Shamil [4 ]
Khokhlov, Aleksandr [4 ]
Reshetko, Olga [5 ]
Zhuravleva, Marina [6 ]
Palagin, Ivan [2 ]
机构
[1] First Moscow State Med Univ, Internal Med Dept 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
[2] Smolensk State Med Univ, Inst Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk 214019, Russia
[3] North Eastern Fed Univ, Dept Internal Med & Gen Med Practice, Yakutsk 677007, Russia
[4] Yaroslavl State Med Univ, Dept Clin Pharmacol & Drug Eth, UNESCO, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia
[5] Saratov State Med Univ VI Razumovsky, Dept Pharmacol, Saratov 410012, Russia
[6] First Moscow State Med Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Propedeut Internal Dis, Moscow 119991, Russia
来源
ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL | 2022年 / 11卷 / 05期
关键词
antimicrobials supply; antibiotics; antivirals; COVID-19; community pharmacies;
D O I
10.3390/antibiotics11050586
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
COVID-19 has had a significant impact on health care systems, including drug use. The present study aimed to evaluate the patterns of community supply of antimicrobials from community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic in five cities of Russia. In a cross-sectional study, a random sample of pharmacies reported all episodes of antimicrobials supply during a one-week period. Patterns of supply (age and gender of customer, drug name and formulation, prescription availability, indication, etc.) were analyzed. Altogether, 71 pharmacies took part in the study and 5270 encounters were recorded. In total, 4.2% of visits resulted in supply of more than one antimicrobial agent and 5.2% were for parenteral formulations. The rate of prescription-based purchase in participated cities varied from 40.5 to 99.1%. Systemic antibiotics and antivirals accounted for the majority of supplies (60.5 and 26.3%, respectively). Upper respiratory tract infections were reported as the indication for antimicrobials usage in 36.9% of cases, followed by skin and soft tissue infections (12.1%) and urinary tract infections (8.7%); COVID-19 accounted for 8.4% of all supplies. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, azithromycin and amoxicillin were indicated as the top three antimicrobials purchased for upper respiratory tract infections, and azithromycin, umifenovir and levofloxacin were the top three for COVID-19. In general, a high rate of drugs dispensing without prescription was revealed. Antibiotics for systemic use remained the most common antimicrobials, whereas presumably viral upper respiratory tract infections were the main reason for their purchase. COVID-19 infection itself was responsible for a small proportion of the supply of antimicrobial agents, but systemic antibiotics accounted for more than a half of supplies.
引用
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页数:13
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