ER-60, a chaperone with thiol-dependent reductase activity involved in MHC class I assembly

The assembly of newly synthesized MHC class I molecules within the endoplasmic reticulum and their association with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is a process involving the chaperones calnexin and calreticulin. Using peptide mapping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to identify a new component, we now introduce a third molecular chaperone, the thiol-dependent reductase ER-60 (ERp57/GRP58/ERp61/NIP-70/Q2), into this process, ER-60 is found in MHC class I heavy chain complexes with calnexin that are generated early during the MHC class I assembly path way. The thiol reductase activity of ER-60 raises the possibility that ER-60 is involved in the disulfide bond formation within heavy chains. In addition, ER-60 is part of the late assembly complexes consisting of MHC class I, tapasin, TAP, calreticulin and calnexin. In a beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m)-negative mouse cell line, S3, ER-60-calnexin-heavy chain complexes are shown to bind to TAP, suggesting that beta(2)M is not required for the association of MHC class I heavy chains with TAP.