State of the art direct ink writing (DIW) and experimental trial on DIW of HAp bio-ceramics

The additive manufacturing (AM) of bio inspired ceramics has been explored since 1980s. AM is widely used for producing tissue engineering scaffolds and custom bio implants. Direct ink writing is an extrusion-based AM process that overcomes the limitations in traditional scaffold fabricating methods and gives better control over porosity, complexity, reproducibility, flexibility of various materials and patient specific shape. In DIW the material is fed as paste/gel form using an extrusion setup. This paper provides a survey on fabrication of bio ceramic parts by different types of direct ink writing such as writing with molten material, writing in room temperature, writing with photopolymer, and curing by UV light source etc. This paper highlights the advancements in DIW and discusses about various bio- ceramic materials, binders, and compares the mechanical and bio properties of scaffolds fabricated using DIW. Also, this paper describes the experimental works conducted by the authors in DIW of a bio-ceramics. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 28th International Conference on Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials.