Extraction of Vitamin D from Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) Using Deep Eutectic Solvent and Ultrasonication

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as green and sustainable solvents for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds or drugs. In this study, DES composed of glycerol and choline chloride (3:1) was used as a potential solvent for the extraction of vitamin D from button mushrooms. This eliminated the requirement of organic solvents, thus reducing the environmental harm. Use of DES, along with ultrasonication, proved to be an efficient technique for extraction of vitamin D. Also, substantial increase in vitamin D-2 content, with simultaneous decrease in ergosterol (vitamin D-2 precursor) was observed due to photochemical reaction, when the extract was exposed to ultraviolet light (UV-C). While most of the ergosterol was transformed into vitamin D-2, formation of a small amount of overirradiated product was also observed upon irradiation with UV-C.