Chemical stabilization of calcareous sand by polyurethane foam adhesive

The calcareous sand existing at the South China sea is characterized by low shear strength with high com-pressibility. Associated with particle breakage, foundations built on such problematic soil initiates undrained failure with uneven foundation settlement, unless adequate ground improvement technique is adopted. In this paper, chemical soil stabilization is carried out by applying Polyurethane Foam Adhesive (PFA) to the virgin soil. Improvement of strength and stiffness of the treated soil have been investigated in detail by a series of triaxial consolidation and drainage tests followed by California bear-ing ratio tests. The effect of particle gradation on the stress-strain curve and CBR values of the stabilized calcareous sand as well as the influence on peak shear stress and shear strength index has been studied. The test results show that the PFA is effective in improving the mechanical properties of calcareous sand. The particle gradation has significant effects on the stress-strain response of the stabilized calcareous sand under different PFA contents. Optimal PFA content for each grading of calcareous sand was pro-posed. The test results of this work would be beneficial for engineering practice in dealing with the bear-ing capacity and settlement of foundations involving calcareous sand. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.