Temperature dependent dynamics hysteresis scaling of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9-xSnxZr0.10O3 bulk ferroelectric ceramics

This work studies temperature dependent dynamics hysteresis scaling of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9-xSnxZr0.10O3 (BCT-BZT-Sn) bulk ferroelectric ceramics. The scaling relation are derived for coercive electric field (E-c) and remnant polarization (Pr) as a function of temperature (T). The power law scaling exponents are obtained for E-c and Pr verses T as E-c/T -0.575, E-c proportional to T -0.89, E-c proportional to T -0.95, E-c proportional to T -1.38 and E-c proportional to T -1.583, Pr proportional to T -1.66, Pr proportional to T -1.19, Pr proportional to T-0.90, Pr proportional to T -0.58 and Pr proportional to T -0.50 for x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06, respectively. E-c dependency on T decreases, whereas Pr dependence on T increases as the Sn content increase in BCT-BZT. Additionally, the polarization back-switching (Pbc) domain dynamics behavior is described by Arrhenius law and the activation energy is evaluated. The activation energy decreases as the Sn composition and electric field increases. These results can be useful to understand temperature dependent scaling behavior and domain switching in leadfree ferroelectric ceramics.