Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes as molecular outgroups for phylogenetically isolated taxa:: a case study in Sphenodon

被引:17
作者
Hay, JM
Sarre, SD
Daugherty, CH
机构
[1] Massey Univ, Allan Wilson Ctr Mol Ecol & Evolut, Auckland, New Zealand
[2] Univ Canberra, Appl Ecol Res Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
[3] Victoria Univ Wellington, Sch Biol Sci, Wellington, New Zealand
关键词
tuatara; numt; cytochrome b; nuclear mitochondrial pseudogene; bubble PCR;
D O I
10.1038/sj.hdy.6800525
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Living fossil' taxa, by definition, have no close relatives, and therefore no outgroup to provide a root to phylogenetic trees. We identify and use a molecular outgroup in the sole extant lineage of sphenodontid reptiles, which separated from other reptiles 230 million years ago. We isolated and sequenced a partial nuclear copy of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We confirm the copy is indeed not mitochondrial, is older than all extant mitochondrial copies in Sphenodon (tuatara), and is therefore useful as a molecular outgroup. Under phylogenetic analysis, the nuclear copy places the root of the tuatara mitochondrial gene tree between the northern and the southern ( Cook Strait) groups of islands of New Zealand that are the last refugia for Sphenodon. This analysis supports a previous mid-point rooted mitochondrial gene tree. The mitochondrial DNA tree conflicts with allozyme analyses which place a Cook Strait population equidistant to all northern and other Cook Strait populations. This population on North Brother Island is the only natural population of extant S. guntheri; thus, we suggest that the current species designations of tuatara require further investigation.
引用
收藏
页码:468 / 475
页数:8
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