Risk-adapted strategy for the management of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients

Background: Among patients who develop fever and neutropenia after having received cancer chemotherapy, we have to distinguish at least three categories of risk levels for complications and death: patients at low risk and eligible for oral treatment and possibly outpatient management, patients at low risk who require intravenous therapy, and patients at higher risk. Results and discussion: The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer scoring system identifies patients at low risk (< 5%) of severe complications with very low mortality (< 1%) during an episode of febrile neutropenia; this group represents roughly 70% of an unselected population of patients with febrile neutropenia. A significant percentage (approximate to 50%) of these patients are eligible for treatment with orally administered antibiotics and can be discharged early and safely from the hospital after a short (24-48 h) observation period.